Mark Szlazak: 6. Other parts of the watch

6.1 Remontoire

Ever since Christiaan Huygens, the fact is that the period depends on the amplitude and in this way the physical pendulum is not an isochronic process. The previous chapter explains the circular error that occurs with the oscillator, and one of the ways to reduce the error is by remontoire. The remontoire mechanism is a subset of mechanical timers and can often be seen in large clock towers, as well as with public watchmakers. The most important purpose of this mechanism is to provide a secondary, uniform and constant winding source for the pulse mechanism, thus ensuring the accuracy of the clock. The remontoire term comes from the French word "Remonter" which means winding, cheering. The first gravity remontoire was made by Jost Bürgi (Jost Bürgi 1552-1631) in Switzerland in 1595, while John Harrison, the first spontaneous spring remover, was developed in 1739 for the needs of his maritime chronometer.

In order to make the synthesis of the remontoire mechanism clear and understandable, the following requirements and the purpose of the mechanism must be emphasized:

1) Physically separate the average impulse mechanism from the rest of the clock. This is achieved by separating the wheel of the pulse mechanism from the rest of the transmission group (section 6.2). The impulse-pulse mechanism connects to the transmission group via the remontoire.

2) To provide an auxiliary and constant source of energy for an average impulse mechanism that is independent of unstable gears. This auxiliary energy source for the pulse mechanism is achieved through the lever for which the weight is attached.

3) To periodically lift the above tag by utilizing the power of the piston or balancing spin. This request must be made in such a way as to enable the undisturbed operation of an impulse mechanism.

On the basis of all the above requirements for the timer requirements in this dissertation, a gravitational remontoire will be used and its basic parts of the remontoire are shown in Figures 43 and 44. The gear E, which also represents the average wheel in the average impulse mechanism, is coupled to the gear G on the lever C On the S-sleeve C there are also P and S gears that are mutually coupled.

Figure 43 Assembly of the remontoire and basic parts

Figure 44 Remontoire assembly

The gear P is firmly attached to the gear G on the PG shaft and is coupled to the gears S. The ES axle with the gears E and S as well as the lever C is immobile.

Lever C transmits the potential energy of this W mass to the kinetic energy wheel. In this way, the impulse mechanism gives the rotation to an average impulse mechanism. The pin P is orbiting around the gear S. On the underside of the gear S, a gear B is transmitted which transmits the rotational speed to the gear D connected to the "windmill" to equalize the rotation of the arm A. which is in the same plane with the lever C. The principle of operation of the remontoire is illustrated Picture 45.

The work of the remontoire can be divided into two phases that are repeated: falling (Figures 45a, b and v) and ascending (see 45 g, d and đ).

- the arm A touches the edge of the sleeve C and locks the remount lever in the upper position (Figure 45a)

- the weight of the mass W begins to pull the lever C downwards and the arm A slides along the edge of the lever C (Figure 45b). The energy that is passed on to a given point is derived from the weight of this W. The impulse impulse mechanism defines the pulling speed of the lever C.

- arm A has reached a critical point and then the contact between the arm A and the beam C is terminated (figure 45v)

Ascent phase:

- after the contact between the arm A and the lever C stops, the rotation of the arm A begins. The main power source is transferred to the remontoire and the lever C starts to be lifted around the EC axis (Figure 45g).

- Gears E and S have the same direction of rotation and during the rotation of the S gearing gear is transmitted to the air brake on the gear D.

- The cycle ends with the arm A touching the edge on the cube C and the weight W is at its maximum maximum position (Figure 45d).

Although not seen at first glance, it is important to note that the moment that makes the weight W is delivered to the average point E during both phases (ascending and descending). Also, this force is constant and continuous, making it the main source for the impulse mechanism. Potential energy is occasionally supplemented by the main winding of the clock before it completes its cycle and reaches its lowest position.

Fig. 45 Principle of remontoire operation

All the parameters necessary for calculating the size of the remontoire can be found in [19]. Table 3 gives the values for a particular remontor used in this dissertation for the purpose of simulating the clock operation and testing the influence of nonlinear parameters.

For each gear, the radius is shown as well as its angular velocity depending on the phase (up or down).

Table 3 Remontoire parameters

	E	G	P	S	L	B
r [mm]:	100	100	40	160	~	40
ω [rpm]:	1/2	5/6	5/6	1/8	1/6	1/2
phase:	$\downarrow$	$\downarrow$	$\downarrow$	$\uparrow$	$\downarrow\big(\uparrow\big)$	$\uparrow$

6.2. Transmission mechanism

The transmission mechanism is a coupled gears system that transmits drive energy from the drive mechanism to the stroke regulator, the oscillator and the subsystem for displaying the time [70].

Figure 46 shows the transmission for the transmission of the torque. The basic parts are:

1) Gear remount

2) Gear rem. - min.

3) Gear Minute

4) Timing gear

5) Winding system

6) Subsystem for displaying time

The correct operation of the subsystem for displaying time is enabled by adequate working portable relationships. The information about past hours is given by the gear train, which should perform 2 turns per day. The minute clock gears 1 rotate to the time and the gears that show the seconds make one turn per minute. Accordingly, the operational transmission relationships or angular speeds of the time, minute and second gear are 1: 12: 720. To have all three gears in the same direction it is necessary to insert another gears between them. As in the same relationship the driving moment decreases, the regulation of the walk at the precision point is carried out with very small impulses of force. The previous chapter describes the operation of the remontoire and its average wheel represents the secondary gear.

Figure 46 Transmission mechanism

The flicker wheel carries information about seconds and the transfer ratio from the average point to the remount output is i = 8. After the remontoire, the transmission ratio goes from the remount gear to the gear-min. and it is i = 2.5, and between the gears rem. min. and the gear ratio of the minute transferred ratio is i = 3. As already mentioned, the transmission ratio between hour and minute gears is 1:12. From the minute to the winding circuit, the transmission ratio is i = 4 and i from the winding and clock gear is i = 3. Clock gears and gears are coaxial and the axial distance problem is solved by one pair of gears of module 4 and the number of teeth 20 and 80, and the second pair of gears is module 5 and the number of teeth 20 and 60.

The time display subsystem has the task of visually and / or audibly communicating information about the exact time. In its simplest form, it is made up of digits with a time, minute and possibly second-hand. By contrast, the most complex presentation of time is present in astronomical public watchmakers such as, for example, the Prague Orloj. As illustrated in Figure 47, apart from the local solar weather, it also provides complex visual information on a series of astronomical and astrological events on a moving stereographic projection of the celestial sphere. There are: the position of the Sun on the ecliptic, the position and phase of the Moon in the sky, the Zodiac ring, the location of the point of the spring solstice and the sidereal time, the parts of the celestial sphere above and below the horizon, as well as the twilight zone.

Figure 47 - "Pearl Orloj"

6.3 Timing winding mechanism

The timing winding mechanism is shown in Figures 48 and 49. The torque moment originates from this (13) on the rope that is wound on the drum. The drum is firmly connected to the winding gear (4). The winding gear (4) is a radially arranged "click" of the lever (11) of the one-way coupler connected to the gear (2). The gears (2) and the gears (3) are rigidly interconnected, and the gear ratio (1) per hour gland is transmitted over these two gears as described in the previous chapter 6.2. The gripper (5) engages with the gears (4) and is mounted on the carrier which consists of: two levers (9), a shaft (8) on which the gears (5) and the winding key (12) are rigidly interconnected. On the carrier there is a "click" of the lever (10) which is wrapped with another coupling on the gears (2).

As already mentioned, the driving torque of the entire clock mechanism originates from this (13) that hangs loose on the rope wound to the drum on the gears (4). The driving torque is then transmitted to the one-way pinion of the gear (2) via the "click" lever (11). After a while, the weight drops to the level when it is necessary to watch the clock. By turning the gears (5) over the key (12) in the direction opposite to the clockwise direction, the gears (4) are started so that the tread is rolled up and the tread is lifted (13). As a result, the "click" lever (11) is separated from the one-way coupling and the transmission of the drive mementium to the large wheel stops. If the clock does not stop, the "click" lever (10) wires with a one-way coupling and maintains the operating torque as long as the weight rises. At the time of stopping the click, the lever (11) is wetted again with the coupling and the drive torque can be freely transferred to the big wheel. The winding of this (13) starts with the free rotation of the gear (5) rolling on the gear (4) and raises the rack upwards until the "click" of the lever (10) engages the coupling toothed. Only then does it start to rise, but so that the drive torque on the gears (2) is not reduced or otherwise disturbed.

This winding system can most often be found in old standing clock clocks (Grandfather clock). The biggest advantage of this winding system is that it can not clock when it's working. Figure 50 shows a one-way coupler with "click" levers (11) when changing the torque from the gear (4) to the gear (2). Figure 51 shows the moment when the "click" levers were turned into a one-way coupler on the gears (2) when the gears were rotated (5).